Precision temperature apparatus.



A. DE- KHOTINSKY.

PRECISION TEMPERATURE APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED DEC-9,1916.

Patented Sept. 11, 1917.

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PRECISION TEMPERATURE APPARATUS.

APPLICATIQN FILED DEC.9, I916- Patented Sept. 11, 1917.

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I I%Q QM M/ v 1 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ACHIL'LES DE KHO'IINSKY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO CENTRAL SCIENTIFIC COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CCRFGRATIQN OF ILLINOIS.

' PRECISION TEMPERATURE APPARATUS.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, AoHILLEs DE KI-Io- TINSKY,'L citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county"of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Precision Temperature Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates in general to heat interchanging apparatus and has for its primary object the provision in an electrically heated and thermostatically controlled water heater of means for controlling the flow of water through the heater in a manner to insure efliciency of the heating elements, rapid responsiveness of the thermostat to temperature 2111211710113 and umformity of-the temperature of the water delivered from the apparatus.

.A further object of my invention is the provision of a method of an d means for maintaining and delivering a medium at a predetermined temperature by inducing an internal circulation of the heated medium whereby the medium is delivered at the mean temperature of the contents of the ap paratus employed.

A further object of my invention is the provision in a water heater of means for preventing the accumulation of air released from the water by heat and to insure that the internal pressure shall not exceed that of the atmosphere at anytime.

Further objects and advantages of my invention will be apparent as it is better understood by reference to the following specification when read in connection with the accompanying drawing, illustrating the preferred embodiment thereof, in which Figure 1 is a vertical section through the apparatus;

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 22 of Fig. 1,

Fig. 3 is a similar section illustrating a slightly different form of my invention and Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view of the electrical circuits.

Referring to the drawing, 1 indicates a -vi ded to continually deliver water to the Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed December 9,1916. Serial No. 136,102.

adjacent the top thereof so that when water fills the chamber it will overflow and pass through the successive loops of the pipe to the chamber a in which the opposite end of the pipe is disposed.

A thermostat 10 is disposed within the chamber 4 and may be of any suitable construction but is preferably that described in Patent No. 1,227,760, granted to me on May 29, 1917. The thermostat 10 is surrounded by a shell 11 and a pipe or conductor 12 open adjacent the top of the chamber 1 leads to the interior of the shell 11 so that when the water fills the chamber 1 it will overflow through the pipe 12 to the interior of the shell. A pipe or conductor 18 leads from the interior of the shell 11 adjacent the top thereof to the delivery outlet 1 1 through which the heated water escapes.

The electric current fed to the heating elements 6 is controlled through any suitable intermediate mechanism such for example as the relay 15 diagrammatically shown in Fig. 4 in the circuit of the thermostat l0 and connected to a source of current supply by conductors 16 and 17. When the relay is energized by closure of the circuit through the thermostat 10 the circuits through the heating elements 6 will be broken and will remain broken until the temperature of the water has fallen to a point below that at which the thermostat is adjusted to operate.

As will be readily understood the water which is delivered. to the chamber 3 by the pipe 5 is heated by contact with the walls of the cylinders 7 and by the interchange of heat due to convection currents in the body of the water. The more highly heated water rises to the upper part of the chamber 3 and the temperature of the water gradually decreases toward the bottom. The hottest water overflows at 9 into the pipe 8 and Fig." 3

passes through the vertical loops, thus coming' into direct contact, throughthewalls of the pipe, with the strata of varied tempera ture within the chamber; interchange of heat units between the water in the pipe 8 and the body of water in the chamber and because of the numerous loops The result is an from the spirit and scope of the invention or sacrificing any or its material advantages, the "form hereinbef oi'e described being merely a preferred embodiment thereof.

"I claim:

1. An ethod of maintaining and delivering a medium at a predetermined temperain the pipe the water therein reaches, befoT -e tHre comprising subjecting a body of the flow outlet is disposed adjacent the top of the chamber so that any air which may ac cumulate with n the chamber ean' read ly pass'ther'efrom with the water. Conse quently the chambers are always full of water during the operation of the apparatus andthere can be no accumulation of pressure therein.

"It maybe desirable 1l1 0I'd81 to obta n even greater accuracy in the temperature control to provide for internal circulation of the water in the chamber t Accordingly'in of the "drawing I have illustrated the inlet pipe or conductor 12" arranged in a plurality of vertical loops to receivefthe water from the chamber 4: and convey it to tlio'iiiteri'or'oi"the shell 11; The structure is o'therwise identical" with that previously described. In this form of my invention the heated water delivered tofthe' chamber 4 eventually passes into the pipe 12 and is therein conducted throughthe vertical loops so that the'water comes in' contact through the walls of the pipe with the strata of diffei'ent'temperature in the chamber 4. Consequent] y the water delivered to the interior of the shell 11 is at the exact mean temper-a ture ofthe body of water in the chamber {ll With the] embodiment offmy invention here-iii described it is possible to maintain a continuous supply of hot water at a temperature whiclrd'o es not vary more th'an o'ne one thousandth of a degree Centigrade. My invention is'n'ot, however, limited to a water hea'tersiiice the broad idea of'internal eir culati'oii top'rovide for heat interch'auge btween a stream ot the heated medium and successive stratain 'a surrounding body of the medium is applicable toa variety of media and purposesand I wish it understood that it is my intention to 'claim the subject-matter broadly as well as thespecific application thereof herein described.

It will be apparent that various changes may be made in the form, constructionand arrangement of the "parts WltllOllt departing mediuin'to'heat suilieient to raise'it to'the desired temperature, continuously withdrawing a portion of the medium after causing it to repeatedly circulate, vertically through said body, whereby heat is withdrawi from oi-j given to succeeding ,strata and continuously adding afresh, supply of th'e iiiedium tot-lie body thereot.

'2. ,Iii a heat interchanging apparatus, the combination of a container for the medium to be' lieat ed', means; for applying heat to the latter, means for continuously supplymg the mediiin (to said container, and a conductor comp ,i 'ig a plurality of vertically, arranged loops immersed in the m,e diunj nd'open atone end within said con; ran-retro continuously. withdraw the nediiim from said container after subjecting ittothe tempering influence of succeeding tempera-, tu'restrata'. i' V I l a heat interchanging apparatus, the combination of primary and secondary. chambers, electric heating -means' in, said primary cliai'nlger, means for admitting the medium to belieated to said primary ehamj ber, "ineansior convcvinggsaid medium to said secondary chamber, a thermostat ,in 0 said secondaryjchamber for regulating ,the supply ofci zrent to said electric heating means, and means for deliverin said me; diu n fro nsaid secondary,cham er. I

4. In a iii te changing apparatus, the 05 combination 'fof [primary and secondary, cliaii ibers, [eleetric he a iiea n s in said 7 pri mary chamber, means for admitting the ,niediiiiii to be heatcdtosaid pr iiiiary :h.-iinl,iei;,

a conductor arranged in a plurality of yertic-al'loops within said primary chamber and leading therefrom to said secondary cha niberfa thermostat i-iif s aid secondarychain-- ber for regulating tlie su pply of current to said electric heating means, and ineans for delivering said med um, from said secondary chamber. 'i i I 5. 111,51 heat interchanging apparatus the combination of primary and secondary, chambers, electric heating means in saidprimary chamber, means for admitting the; medium tobeheated to said primarychaniber, a"conductor arranged in a plurlityof vertical loops within said primary chamber and leadin ftherefrom to ,said secongary chamber, thermostat in said secon" ary a; chamber' f or regiilati g' the, supply of Clilf rent to electric eating means,i a shell surroundingsaid 'therinostat,,means for 1011;, r s, le I 3%?5 I medium, fl'qtltfiftitl secon chamber to the interior of said shell, and means for delivering said medium from the interior of said shell.

6. In a heat interchanging apparatus, the combination of primary and secondary chambers, electric heating means in said primary chamber, means for admitting the medium to be heated to said primary chamber, a conductor arranged in a plurality of Vertical loops Within said primary chamber and leading to said secondary chamber, a thermostat in said secondary chamber for regulating the supply of current to said electric heating means, a shell surrounding said thermostat, a conductor arranged in a plurality of vertical loops Within said secondary chamber and leading to the interior of said shell, and-means for delivering said medium from the interior of said shell.

7. In a Water heater, the combination of a chamber, means for delivering Water to said chamber, electric heating means in said chamber, a conductor arranged in a plurality of vertical loops Within said chamber and leading therefrom, the open end of said conductor Within said chamber being disposed adjacent the top thereof to permit the escape of accumulated air.

8. In a water heater, the combination of primary and secondary chambers, means for delivering Water to said primary chamber, electric heating means in said primary chamber, a conductor arranged in a plurality of vertical loops Within said chamber and leading to said secondary chamber, the open end of said conductor Within said primary chamber being disposed adjacent the top thereof to permit the escape of accumulated air, a thermostat in said secondary chamber for regulating the supply of current to said electric heating means, and means for delivering Water from said secondary chamber.

9. In a Water heater, the combination of primary and secondary chambers, means for delivering Water to said primary chamber, electric heating means in said primary chamber, a conductor arranged in a plurality of vertical loops Within said chamber and leading to said secondary chamber, the open end of said conductor Within said primary chamber being disposed adjacent the top thereof to permit the escape of accumulated air, a thermostat in said secondary chamber for regulating the supply of current to said electric heating means, a shell surrounding said thermostat, a conductor for delivering Water from said secondary chamber to the interior of said shell, and means for delivering Water from the interior of said shell.

10. In a Water heater, the combination of primary and secondary chambers, means for delivering Water to said primary chamber, electric heating means in said primary chamber, a conductor arranged in a plurality of vertical loops Within said chamber and leading to said secondary chamber, the open end of said conductor Within said primary chamber being disposed adjacent the top thereof to permit the escape of accumulated air, a thermostat in said secondary chamber for regulating the supply of current to said electric heating means, a shell surrounding said thermostat, a conductor for delivering water from said secondary chamber to the interior of said shell, the open end of said conductor Within said secondary chamber being disposed adjacent the top thereof to permit the escape of accumulated air, and a conductor leading from the top of said shell to deliver Water therefrom.

11. In a Water heater, the combination of primary and secondary chambers, means for delivering Water to said primary chamber, electric heating means in said primary chamber, a conductor arranged in a plurality of Vertical loops Within said chamber and leading to said secondary chamber, the open end of said conductor Within said primary chamher being disposed adjacent the top. thereof to permit the escape of accumulated air, a thermostat in said secondary chamber for regulating the supply of current to said electric heating means, a shell surrounding said thermostat, a conductor arranged in a plurality of vertical loops Within said secondary chamber for delivering Water from said secondary chamber to the interior of said shell, the open end of said conductor within said secondary chamber being disposed adjacent the top thereof to permit the escape of accumulated air, and a conductor leading from the top of said shell to deliver water therefrom.

ACHILLES on KHOTINSKY.

IVitnesses ERNEST I-I. MERCHANT, WV. T. WVEsTERBERG.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. G. 

